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Description
The Soviet F1 hand grenade (Russian: Фугасный > Fugasnyy 1, "Explosive, Type #1"), is an anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade. It is based on the French F1 grenade and contains a 60-gram explosive charge (TNT). The total weight of the grenade with the fuze is about 600 grams.

Due to its shape and its yellow-green color, it is nicknamed the limonka (fem. "lemon"). It is also nicknamed Efka (Russian: Эфка) for the letter F.[2] It is similar to the American Mk 2 "pineapple grenade", which was also ultimately modeled on the French F1.

Fuse
The Universal'nyi Zapal, Ruchnaya Granata, Modernizirovannyi]] (UZRGM) (Russian for "Universal Igniter, Hand Grenade, Improved") fuse is a universal Russian type also used in the RG-41, RG-42, RGO-78, RGN-86 and RGD-5 grenades. The standard time delay for this fuse is 3.5 to 4 seconds. However, UZRGM fuze variants are available which give delays between zero (i.e., instantaneous, specifically for use in booby-traps) and 13 seconds. It is possible to hear a loud "pop" as the fuse ignites and begins to burn.

History
The F1 was introduced during World War II and subsequently redesigned post-war. It has a steel exterior that is notched to facilitate fragmentation upon detonation and to prevent hands from slipping. The distance the grenade can be thrown is estimated at 30–45 meters. The radius of the shrapnel dispersion is up to 200 m (660 ft) (effective radius is about 30 m (98 ft),[3]). Hence, the grenade has to be deployed from a defensive position to avoid self harm. About 60 percent of the grenade body pulverizes during the explosion, only 30 percent of the body splints into 290 high velocity sharp cut splinters each weighing around 1 gram with initial speed of about 700 m/s (2,300 ft/s).

Foreign copies
The F1 grenade has been supplied to various Soviet allies and Third World nations over the years, including Iraq and other Arab nations, and there are different production variations according to country of origin (in terms of finish, markings and spoon/lever design). Though obsolete and no longer in production[citation needed], it can still be encountered in combat zones.

People's Republic of China: Type 1 Grenade.

Type anti-personnel hand grenade
Place of origin Soviet Union
Service history
In service 1916–present (Russia)
Used by Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Brazil, Cuba, China
Wars World War I, Russian Civil War, World War II
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Korean War
Vietnam War
Rhodesian Bush War[1]
Six-Day War
Yom Kippur War
Angolan Civil War
Iraq War
2011 Libyan Civil War
Syrian Civil War
War in Donbass
Specifications
Mass 600 g (1.3 lb)
Length 130 mm (5.1 in)
Diameter 55 mm (2.2 in)
Filling Trinitrotoluene
Filling weight 60 g (2.1 oz)
Detonation
mechanism
Time delay fuse 3.2 to 4.2 s

Description
The Soviet F1 hand grenade (Russian: Фугасный > Fugasnyy 1, "Explosive, Type #1"), is an anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade. It is based on the French F1 grenade and contains a 60-gram explosive charge (TNT). The total weight of the grenade with the fuze is about 600 grams.

Due to its shape and its yellow-green color, it is nicknamed the limonka (fem. "lemon"). It is also nicknamed Efka (Russian: Эфка) for the letter F.[2] It is similar to the American Mk 2 "pineapple grenade", which was also ultimately modeled on the French F1.

Fuse
The Universal'nyi Zapal, Ruchnaya Granata, Modernizirovannyi]] (UZRGM) (Russian for "Universal Igniter, Hand Grenade, Improved") fuse is a universal Russian type also used in the RG-41, RG-42, RGO-78, RGN-86 and RGD-5 grenades. The standard time delay for this fuse is 3.5 to 4 seconds. However, UZRGM fuze variants are available which give delays between zero (i.e., instantaneous, specifically for use in booby-traps) and 13 seconds. It is possible to hear a loud "pop" as the fuse ignites and begins to burn.

History
The F1 was introduced during World War II and subsequently redesigned post-war. It has a steel exterior that is notched to facilitate fragmentation upon detonation and to prevent hands from slipping. The distance the grenade can be thrown is estimated at 30–45 meters. The radius of the shrapnel dispersion is up to 200 m (660 ft) (effective radius is about 30 m (98 ft),[3]). Hence, the grenade has to be deployed from a defensive position to avoid self harm. About 60 percent of the grenade body pulverizes during the explosion, only 30 percent of the body splints into 290 high velocity sharp cut splinters each weighing around 1 gram with initial speed of about 700 m/s (2,300 ft/s).

Foreign copies
The F1 grenade has been supplied to various Soviet allies and Third World nations over the years, including Iraq and other Arab nations, and there are different production variations according to country of origin (in terms of finish, markings and spoon/lever design). Though obsolete and no longer in production[citation needed], it can still be encountered in combat zones.

People's Republic of China: Type 1 Grenade.

Type anti-personnel hand grenade
Place of origin Soviet Union
Service history
In service 1916–present (Russia)
Used by Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Brazil, Cuba, China
Wars World War I, Russian Civil War, World War II
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Korean War
Vietnam War
Rhodesian Bush War[1]
Six-Day War
Yom Kippur War
Angolan Civil War
Iraq War
2011 Libyan Civil War
Syrian Civil War
War in Donbass
Specifications
Mass 600 g (1.3 lb)
Length 130 mm (5.1 in)
Diameter 55 mm (2.2 in)
Filling Trinitrotoluene
Filling weight 60 g (2.1 oz)
Detonation
mechanism
Time delay fuse 3.2 to 4.2 s