Description
/* ------------------------------ INSTRUCTIONS ------------------------------ */
/* DO NOT EDIT THIS! UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE APPLY CHANGES TO THE CSS IN HERE, THE HEADER OR FOOTER! */
/* ----- Check out the full instructions: http://sta.sh/0h0h2gr62n9 ----- */
/* -----Week title ----- */
/* Put Novel Writing Basics Week
at the beginning of the text, NOT into the header, it will show up on the board */
/* Last edit: 09.07.2014 pica-ae */
/* ------------------------------ CSS ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 * {
background:transparent;
border:none;
box-shadow:none;
-moz-box-shadow:none;
-webkit-box-shadow:none;
box-sizing:border-box;
-moz-box-sizing:border-box;
-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
/* ------------------------------ GENERAL ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top h2 img, body div#devskin13775681 .tri , body div#devskin13775681 .gr1, body div#devskin13775681 .gr2, body div#devskin13775681 .gr3, body div#devskin13775681 .list {
display:none!important;
}
body div#devskin13775681 a, body div#devskin13775681 a.external, body div#devskin13775681 .user-symbol {
color:#B73E62;
text-decoration:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 a:hover, body div#devskin13775681 a.external:hover, body div#devskin13775681 .username-with-symbol:hover .user-symbol {
color:#E43A5D;
text-decoration:none;
transition:color 0.5s ease;
-moz-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-webkit-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-ms-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-o-transition:color 0.5s ease;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .user-symbol, body div#devskin13775681 a.external:after {
font-size:8px;
padding:2px;
position:relative;
top:-4px;
}
/* ------------------------------ GR-BOX ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .negate-box-margin {
font-size:16px;
line-height:20px;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:1000px;
padding:10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-box {
background:#dae4d9 url('https://fc08.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2014/184/2/d/bggrad_by_pica_ae-d7p0s6p.png') 0px 0px repeat-x;
border:1px solid #a6b2a6;
border-radius:6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px;
box-shadow:0px 1px 5px #8c9688;
-moz-box-shadow:0px 1px 5px #8c9688;
-webkit-box-shadow:0px 1px 5px #8c9688;
color:#5d625d;
font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
line-height:20px;
overflow:visible;
margin-top:174px;
padding:220px 30px 30px 30px;
position:relative;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-genericbox {
}
/* ------------------------------ GR-TOP ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top {
background:#bcc8ba;
border:solid #a6b2a6;
border-width:1px 1px 0 1px;
border-radius:6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px;
box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0px #8b958b, inset 0px -1px 0px #f9fbf9, inset 0px 0px 60px #bcc8ba;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0px #8b958b, inset 0px -1px 0px #f9fbf9, inset 0px 0px 60px #bcc8ba;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0px #8b958b, inset 0px -1px 0px #f9fbf9, inset 0px 0px 60px #bcc8ba;
height:100px;
margin:0 20px 0 95px;
padding:20px;
position:relative;
text-align:center!important;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top::after {
content:'';
border-top:10px solid transparent;
border-right:10px solid #bcc8ba;
border-bottom:10px solid transparent;
position:absolute;
top:35px;
left:-10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top::before {
content:'';
border-top:10px solid transparent;
border-right:10px solid #f9fbf9;
border-bottom:10px solid transparent;
position:absolute;
top:36px;
left:-10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .gr {
padding-left:0!important;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .gr h2, body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .gr h2 a {
color:#3d4d3d;
font-size:28px;
font-weight:bold;
text-shadow:0 1px 0px #8b958b, 0px -1px 0px #f9fbf9;
transition:color 0.5s ease;
-moz-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-webkit-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-ms-transition:color 0.5s ease;
-o-transition:color 0.5s ease;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .gr h2 a:hover {
color:#E43A5D;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .gr span {
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .author {
font-size:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .author .username-with-symbol {
font-size:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .author .username-with-symbol .user-symbol {
display:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-top .author .avatar {
background:transparent url('https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/0585039b-fa9c-4986-9838-a3e54a7dcef8/ddo7ddf-1247514f-0987-4244-b243-895aa003886a.png?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzA1ODUwMzliLWZhOWMtNDk4Ni05ODM4LWEzZTU0YTdkY2VmOFwvZGRvN2RkZi0xMjQ3NTE0Zi0wOTg3LTQyNDQtYjI0My04OTVhYTAwMzg4NmEucG5nIn1dXSwiYXVkIjpbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.nJ_7oEoYSWP5WqOY9qj-CNRJk-xyJYV_5kibvpqAkJo') no-repeat center;
display:block!important;
padding:5px;
position:absolute;
top:-10px;
left:-110px;
}
/* ------------------------------ GR-BODY ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body {
overflow:visible!important;
position:static!important;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr {
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr .grf-indent {
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr .grf-indent .text {
max-width:860px;
margin:0 auto;
padding:40px 0;
}
/* ------------------------------ BOTTOM ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr .grf-indent .bottom {
position:absolute;
right:6px;
bottom:16px;
color:#DAE4D9!important;
z-index:99;
padding:0px 0px 0px 0px!important;
height:27px;
font-size:0px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr .grf-indent .bottom a {
font-size:0px;
background:url('https://fc00.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2014/184/7/c/comment_by_pica_ae-d7p0s66.png') top no-repeat;
color:#DAE4D9!important;
text-decoration:none!important;
padding:0px;
margin:0px 15px 0px 10px;
text-align:center;
width:24px!important;
height:24px!important;
display:block;
transition:opacity 0.5s;
-moz-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-webkit-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-ms-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-o-transition:opacity 0.5s;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .gr-body .gr .grf-indent .bottom a:hover {
opacity:0.5;
filter:alpha(opacity=50);
_zoom:1;
}
/* ------------------------------ CUSTOM ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .text h1, body div#devskin13775681 .text h2, body div#devskin13775681 .text h3, body div#devskin13775681 .text h4, body div#devskin13775681 .text h5, body div#devskin13775681 .text h6 {
font-family:'Ubuntu', 'Open Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color:#E4375B;
font-weight:500;
letter-spacing:0.02em;
line-height:20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h1, body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h2, body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h3, body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h4, body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h5, body div#devskin13775681 .text .white h6 {
color:#f3f3f3!important;
display:block;
font-family:'Ubuntu', 'Open Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
letter-spacing:0.02em;
font-weight:bold;
text-shadow:#333333 0px 1px 4px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h1 {
font-size:32px;
line-height:40px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h2 {
font-size:28px;
line-height:40px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h3 {
font-size:24px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h4 {
font-size:21px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h5 {
font-size:18px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text h6 {
font-size:14px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text blockquote {
border-bottom:1px solid;
font-family:Tinos, Georgia;
font-size:21px;
font-style:italic;
line-height:28px;
margin:20px 40px;
padding:0 40px 20px 40px;
position:relative;
text-align:center;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text blockquote i {
font-size:14px;
position:absolute;
right:0;
bottom:-30px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text p, body div#devskin13775681 .text .dark {
background:#bcc8ba;
border-radius:6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px;
margin:20px 0;
padding:20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text p strong {
display:block;
font-family:'Ubuntu', 'Open Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
color:#E4375B;
letter-spacing:0.02em;
font-size:120%;
margin:10px 0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text .indent {
background:transparent;
margin:0;
padding:0 40px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul, body div#devskin13775681 .text ol {
list-style-position:outside;
margin-left:30px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li {
list-style-image:url('https://fc04.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2014/184/7/4/bullet_by_pica_ae-d7p0s6d.png');
margin-bottom:10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ol li {
margin-bottom:10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul {
list-style-type:none;
margin:10px 0 10px 20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li {
list-style-image:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li::before {
content:' ';
display:block;
float:left;
background:#f05473;
border-radius:4px;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-moz-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-webkit-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
height:5px;
width:5px;
margin:7px 6px 0 -14px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul {
list-style-type:none;
margin:10px 0 10px 20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul li {
list-style-image:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul li::before {
content:' ';
display:block;
float:left;
background:#5d625d;
border-radius:4px;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-moz-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-webkit-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
height:5px;
width:5px;
margin:7px 6px 0 -14px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul li ul {
list-style-type:none;
margin:10px 0 10px 20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul li ul li {
list-style-image:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text ul li ul li ul li ul li::before {
content:' ';
display:block;
float:left;
background:transparent;
border:1px solid #5d625d;
border-radius:4px;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-moz-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
-webkit-box-shadow:#FFFFFF 0px 1px 0px, #a6b1a6 0px -1px 0px;
height:3px;
width:3px;
margin:7px 6px 0 -14px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .text hr {
border-top:1px dotted #8b958b;
border-bottom:1px dotted #f9fbf9;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .button a {
background:#B73E62;
box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #c23e66, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #c23e66, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #c23e66, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
border:1px solid #AE1837;
border-radius:4px;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
color:#FFFFFF;
padding:10px 20px;
text-shadow:none;
transition:all 1s;
-moz-transition:all 1s;
-webkit-transition:all 1s;
-ms-transition:all 1s;
-o-transition:all 1s;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .button a:hover {
background:#E43A5D;
box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E43A5D, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E43A5D, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E43A5D, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
text-shadow:#AE1837 0px -1px 0px, #ED6581 0px -1px 0px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .note {
background:#ffe566;
box-shadow:#bcc8ba 0px 2px 4px, inset #fff6cc 0px 1px 3px;
-moz-box-shadow:#bcc8ba 0px 2px 4px, inset #fff6cc 0px 1px 3px;
-webkit-box-shadow:#bcc8ba 0px 2px 4px, inset #fff6cc 0px 1px 3px;
margin:20px;
padding:20px;
position:relative;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns, body div#devskin13775681 .columns-p {
display:block;
overflow:hidden;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns p, body div#devskin13775681 .columns .half {
background:transparent;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
margin-right:1%;
padding:0 0 10px 0;
width:48%;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns-p p {
display:inline-block;
float:left;
padding:20px;
max-width:420px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns-p p:first-of-type {
margin:0 20px 0 0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns-p p:last-of-type {
margin:0 0 0 0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .columns .half ul, body div#devskin13775681 .columns .half ol {
margin-left:20px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview {
display:block;
font-family:Tinos, Georgia;
font-size:18px;
font-style:italic;
margin:0;
padding:0;
position:relative;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview .avatar {
float:left;
margin-top:25px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview p .avatar {
float:none;
margin-top:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview p {
background:#FFFFFF;
border-radius:10px;
-moz-border-radius:10px;
-webkit-border-radius:10px;
box-shadow:0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
display:block;
font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
font-style:normal;
margin:15px 0px 0px 70px;
padding:15px 15px 15px 30px;
position:relative;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview p::before {
content:' ';
display:block;
background:#dae4d9;
box-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 2px 4px #6C7C6E;
position:absolute;
top:30px;
left:-10px;
height:20px;
width:20px;
transform:rotate(45deg);
-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);
-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);
-o-transform:rotate(45deg);
}
body div#devskin13775681 .interview p::after {
content:' ';
display:block;
background:#dae4d9;
border-radius:4px;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
position:absolute;
top:26px;
left:-20px;
height:28px;
width:20px;
}
/* ------------------------------ THUMBS ------------------------------ */
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder {
margin:5px;
vertical-align:middle;
transition:background 1s;
-moz-transition:background 1s;
-webkit-transition:background 1s;
-ms-transition:background 1s;
-o-transition:background 1s;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder:hover {
box-shadow:0 0 4px #B8D1B6;
-moz-box-shadow:0 0 4px #B8D1B6;
-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 4px #B8D1B6;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder a.lit {
background:#E0E8DC;
border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
width:170px;
height:150px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder .wrap q, body div#devskin13775681 p .shadow-holder .wrap q {
background:#E7EDE6;
font-family:Tinos, Georgia, serif;
font-size:14px;
font-style:italic;
font-weight:normal;
padding:10px;
position:absolute;
right:0;
left:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder .wrap q strong {
margin-bottom:10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 p .shadow-holder .wrap q strong {
color:#5d625d;
font-family:Tinos, Georgia, serif;
font-size:14px;
margin:0 0 10px 0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .embedded-deviation {
vertical-align:middle;
transition:background 1s;
-moz-transition:background 1s;
-webkit-transition:background 1s;
-ms-transition:background 1s;
-o-transition:background 1s;
}
/* thumbs in feat */
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder, body div#devskin13775681 .feat .embedded-deviation {
background:#E4375B;
box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E85A78, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E85A78, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F77992, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #E85A78, 0 1px 3px 0 #6C7C6E;
border:1px solid #AE1837;
margin:5px;
padding:5px;
vertical-align:middle;
transition:background 1s;
-moz-transition:background 1s;
-webkit-transition:background 1s;
-ms-transition:background 1s;
-o-transition:background 1s;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder:hover, body div#devskin13775681 .feat .embedded-deviation:hover {
background:#E74B6C;
box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #ED6581, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #ED6581, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #F47C94, inset 0 20px 10px -10px #ED6581, 0 1px 5px 0 #6C7C6E;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder .mild .thumb img, body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder a.lit, body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder .mild .thumb img, body div#devskin13775681 .feat .embedded-deviation img, body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder a.lit {
vertical-align:middle;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder a.lit {
background:transparent;
border:none;
width:170px;
height:150px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder a.lit img, body div#devskin13775681 .shadow-holder a.lit img {
display:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder .wrap q {
background:transparent;
color:#FFFFFF;
font-family:Tinos, Georgia, serif;
font-size:14px;
font-style:italic;
font-weight:normal;
margin:0;
padding:5px;
position:absolute;
right:0;
left:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat .shadow-holder .wrap q strong {
margin-bottom:10px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .feat {
text-align:center;
background:transparent;
padding:0;
margin:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .embedded-deviation {
width:inherit;
}
/* ------------------------- FOOTER ------------------------- */
body div#devskin13775681 .buttons {
position:absolute;
left:20px;
bottom:16px;
color:#DAE4D9!important;
z-index:99;
padding:0px 0px 0px 0px!important;
height:27px;
font-size:0px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .buttons a {
transition:opacity 0.5s;
-moz-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-webkit-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-ms-transition:opacity 0.5s;
-o-transition:opacity 0.5s;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .buttons img {
padding-right:8px;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .buttons a:hover {
opacity:0.5;
filter:alpha(opacity=50);
_zoom:1;
}
/* ------------------------- HEADER ------------------------- */
body div#devskin13775681 .header {
background:transparent;
height:375px;
position:absolute;
top:-174px;
right:0;
left:0;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .header br {
display:none;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .header .pe-regular a {
display:block;
background:url('https://fc01.deviantart.net/fs70/o/2013/024/0/0/350289350_646745_322748439_464988_header2.png') no-repeat center top;
height:188px;
max-width:800px;
margin:0 auto;
text-align:center;
}
body div#devskin13775681 .header .pe-art-history a {
display:block;
background:url('https://fc08.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2014/184/e/a/pe_art_history_by_pica_ae-d7p0s4y.png') no-repeat center top;
height:188px;
max-width:800px;
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Lighting in Art Week
Welcome...
... to ‘Sculpting with Values’, because really, that's what this is.
I’ll be showing you how to paint a portrait using values only, rather than relying on lines to mark the boundaries of facial features in the final product, and will also throw in some tips on what makes good lighting, and what to avoid.
As colour is a whole different ballgame, I won’t be covering it at all. Just greyscale values. At most art schools that pride themselves in good teaching methods, that’s exactly what you would be doing at first, and only once that module is completed would you move on to colour. Yes, I know, colours are awesome, but really, stay with me here and give greyscale (and mastering it) a chance.
If you are a traditional artist you are welcome to read on, too, as you can utilise much, if not all, of the information in your work as well.
Values
The term ‘values’ is used for the range of tones between, and including, black and white. When people talk about doing a value study, they mostly mean they are working in monochrome - this can be greyscale, or any single colour and its variations along the light and dark spectrum.
Value does not mean contrast, however you would want contrast in your values to give them depth. High contrast would be using the extremes only, ignoring the mid range of tones. Low contrast would mean using only the midtones, or the light tones, or dark ones. A well balanced value study has at least a little bit of everything. That is not to say you cannot push it more towards dark or light - just make sure it reads well even at a small size. Most images that are very light with no or just a small spot of dark in them, or vice versa, do not read well at all.
[ you can watch both of these value studies being painted here and here ]
Minimal tonal range may work for some illustrations and line art colouring, but it rarely works well for paintings, because there are no lines to define what you are looking at.
Lighting
This should not come as a surprise, but good lighting is important, not just for photography. As a painter, lighting is an enormous part of creating convincing and eye-catching artworks. Just like everything else in art, it is something that needs to be learnt, and practiced. Eventually you will develop an eye for it and will be able to pull off good lighting at the drop of a hat, but until then, references are your only real hope.
Photographic references are ideal in the beginning for this kind of exercise. What’s more, if you have problems doing greyscale drawings or paintings from your colour photos, well… they can be turned black and white. Every smart phone has that feature in their default camera app, as do all digital cameras. That way you won’t have to worry about anything but painting. The photo will already have all the information you will need.
However, just turning any photograph into a black and white version of itself is not the only thing to consider. There are many types of lighting, and not all of them are great for painting, and not all of them translate well into greyscale, even if the lighting is spot on.
So let’s look at some examples. All photos were taken by me, without the use of professional lighting equipment (so no, you have no excuse there!). And of course they were edited a little, but not to the point of completely altering the value range of the original. I also added their greyscale version next to them, so it’s really visible which photos work, and which don’t.
Diffused Light
Let’s start with a bad example as far as lighting is concerned, and in most cases no amount of editing can rescue these types of photos.
The first one was shot on a cloudy day in a room that had window fronts on two sides, and that golden, reflective surface on the wall. Really… really bad. Everything just blends into each other: the facial features, and the skin tone even blends with the wall behind it in both versions. Just no.
The second one is a similar example, taken on a sunny day, but in an enclosed space with only a partial roof, and the light was bouncing off any and all surfaces. There are highlights on the face this time from the direct sun, but they are far too extreme, and there are no deeper shadows. No, his beard does not count as a shadow. And once again, the face almost blends with the pillar in the colour version. Not much difference in the greyscale one. It’s a big, tall glass of nope.
Backlit (with and without secondary light source)
The first one is an image from the same overcast day as the photo above, but taken at a different time of day, and at a different spot in the room. This time it works, because the light is more directional, casting shadows on one side of his face. What’s even better, the backlight is adding an extra kick by casting light onto the shadow side. So really, these are two strategically placed light sources (okay, in my case it was sheer luck the windows were arranged that way) working together to create almost perfect lighting conditions: not too bright, but giving enough contrast and definition to make this a keeper.
The second one is another backlit image, only this time there is no secondary light source. The vague highlights on the nose bridge, lips, eye and chin on the right is light that was reflected off the window glass and white shutter which are just out of frame. It sure makes for an interesting thing to paint, though not ideal if you are just starting to learn about values, as the majority of the facial plane is almost completely obscured in deep shadow.
[ the studies of both of these photos are here and here ]
Directional Light (one light source, partly diffused and reflected)
The first one was taken with the sun shining pretty directly through one window. A wispy cloud was just passing by, diffusing the light and allowing for this shot to not be devastatingly over-exposed. With the walls reflecting some of the light, it creates uniform, but not flat, lighting conditions. Even without the beard there would be enough definition around his cheeks and jawline to make this a good overall contender for a portrait, especially in the colour version. In the greyscale one the background could be a little darker. The crop is a tad unfortunate, but you can always simply add the tip of the ear and back of the head freehand.
The second one does not actually have any direct lighting, but because it was so dark in the room, and so extremely bright outside, with all the buildings reflecting the sun, it made for another good lighting condition. It’s more on the dark side, but not all portraits have to be super bright. There is a good range of highlights, mid tones and shadows in it, making it a decent reference.
PRO TIP: USE REFERENCES
I cannot impress on you enough how important it is to use references for lighting, especially at the beginning. To start with, painting exactly what you see in a reference is ideal, but further down the line, you may only need to use the reference for the lighting itself, while painting a completely different character or scene.
It’s okay if the reference is not perfectly balanced in its values. It is absolutely possible to enhance some of the values as you paint, for example adding slightly stronger shadows into the deep shadow areas, or stronger highlights into the highlight areas.
Painting
You can start with a sketch if you feel more comfortable doing that. You can also just start painting. The benefit of a sketch is that you can already work out where the shadow areas are going to be, or the highlights. Not both, as this can get confusing when you look at the sketch. In this case, for ease of showing why I put paint where I put it, I went with a sketch first, faintly marking out some of the major shadow areas, rather than focussing too much on drawing the facial features as such. For these kinds of sketches, you don't need to spend any time cleaning up lines or thinking about line weight, as it is just a way to guide your placement of paint.
I’m adding the reference so you can see what this should look like in the end.
PRO TIP: BE GOOD TO YOUR EYES...
If you are working digitally, your eyes will thank you if you do not work on a white or black canvas for the sketch, and you will thank yourself if you do the sketch on a separate layer, as you can remove it later without any hassle.
Step 1
Once the sketch is done, before you start painting, make sure the background colour of your canvas closely matches the overall background of the reference. The reason for this is, you want to be able to judge the values of the face correctly, and you cannot do that if you paint on a white or black canvas - unless of course the background in your reference is actually pure black or pure white, which is very rarely the case (see the Jeremy Irons study above, but even that was not started on white as you can see in the linked video!).
Okay. You have the right background colour, you have your sketch layer, and now you can add another layer between the background and the sketch to paint on, if you want. Or you can just paint straight onto the background. I used a large, hard edged round brush to lay down the midtone of the face, for the entire face, and much of the head. The midtone will be your transition from light to shadow.
I am not painting the hair yet, because his hair is dark, and I do not want to have to go all over it again later to cover the midtone I’ve just laid down. If the hair is blonde, knock yourself out and paint that with the midtone, too, because you’ll want it there.
Step 2
Now pick a deep shadow tone. It would not be black, but rather a very dark grey. Without bothering about being too precise or detailed, just throw that tone into the shadow areas while looking at your reference religiously. Seriously, I mean it. Don’t get carried away thinking you know what you are painting. Right now you are just doodling abstract shapes. Nothing else. Get them where they are supposed to be.
Using a brush with pen pressure enabled helps to get more than just one value in one convenient, lazy sweep. Also, making strokes that follow the surface curvature will help giving it form already, rather than just painting in dead straight lines.
Looks just marvellous, no? - Well, get used to it, because all paintings look pretty shitty in the beginning stages. Though you should already start seeing some facial features emerging just with the shadows in all the right places. Don’t worry if it isn’t all correct. There’s time to fix that.
Step 3
Next up, pick a highlight tone; nothing too bright, though, you don’t want your subject ending up glowing like they are about to spontaneously combust. Use the pen pressure setting to your advantage again, and add the areas that are in the light.
Once more, don’t be too precise. It’s overrated at this stage. Honestly. You’re not cell shading. You’re painting. It’s perfectly okay for some of the highlights to bleed into the midtones where they are not supposed to be, just like it was okay for the shadows to do the same earlier. It’s also okay for all of it to go a little over the sketch lines. It can be cleaned up later.
And well, this looks quite human already. You can tell were everything is, and you can definitely see the face emerging fully now.
Step 4
Choose a blending brush or the smudge tool, and carefully start blending everything you have on your canvas right now. Well, the face anyway. It’s okay if it gets a bit washy - that’s the purpose here. That’s also why I said don’t bother with details, because they would get lost right here.
Change the size of your smudge or blending tool as needed, because you don’t want to lose some of the smaller areas of light and shadow, and please, do not over-smudge everything, but rather soften the area where two tones meet. Again, while doing this, pay attention to the reference, and just like with the brush strokes, allow your blending strokes to follow the surface, rather than randomly smudging everywhere.
The image on the right has no sketch lines, and it already works just like that. Hiding them every now and then as you paint is a good way to check if it is going where it's supposed to be going. If you don't do that, you may end up with some rather unfortunate transitions and/or unsightly edges.
SIDE NOTE
I tend to combine many of these steps when I work normally, and you can too, but to start with, this method here will make it easier to concentrate on just one thing at a time, and it will also seem less daunting to accomplish. With less frustration. Promise.
Step 5 & 6
I'm removing the sketch at this point, but if you find it too difficult still, keeping it for as long as you need to is just fine.
Grabbing a smaller brush - I’m sticking doggedly with the default hard round one - it’s time to add some more shadow details. And yes, it doesn’t look pretty. It doesn’t have to. It’s all about deepening and refining some of the shadow areas, that’s all.
For the hair, I am using a speckled brush, even though it’s barely visible in this case, because it gives the instant impression of strands of hair.
Then simply blend again, taking care to preserve some of the detail this time.
Step 7 & 8
Repeat the same as above for the highlights, including the hair.
You can see pretty well in this one how the strokes follow different directions, sometimes even within one highlight area. This really helps to carve out the facial structure and give it more and more form. On the side of the nose I went purposefully random with the strokes, because I wanted it a little more textured there. You can also see the strokes of the speckled brush better on the hair here, which is always good to get the overall structure laid down. Later, for more detailed areas, a normal round brush is more beneficial.
Once it is all blended, it looks less haphazardly thrown together, with some of the brush strokes still faintly showing through. But it’s not done yet anyway.
PRO TIP: STAY SHARP
Keep any edges that are in focus clean. This means, do not use a super soft or feathered brush to paint everything, because you don’t want a washy out of focus effect all over - especially not around the edges of the face. Using harder brushes for painting, and softening everything (except the harder edges!) with a blending brush or smudge tool, helps in getting the balance of soft and cleanly defined areas just right.
Step 9 & 10
And now on to refining the facial features even more. You can either go on as before, doing all of the face at once, painting, blending, painting, blending, etc., or doing it facial feature by facial feature. Needless to say, even at this stage, looking at your reference is still important.
Step 11
Moving on to the hair, all that is really needed here is pick out one area that you want to be in focus, and work on that. Again, pay attention to your reference, because you don’t want to drop the ball this late in the game.
Step 12
And last but not least, specular highlights.
What are specular highlights? - They are the very bright reflections on surfaces, such as the eyes, or a shiny spot
on the top of the nose or the ear. They can also show up in the hair, or anywhere else really. In this case, there are a few of them, though none in the eyes here.
And that's it!
At least for this tutorial.
I finished up the painting by adding the shirt, not bothering to paint it properly, as that is something I personally like to do with studies like these - unless of course I am practicing painting fabrics.
You can adjust the contrast of your final painting as you please, though you shouldn’t need to, at least not much. And there you have it!
Additional Resources:
Anatomy of the Human Face
Digital Painting 101 (showing painting tools and tool settings, etc.)
Painting Fabrics
All the Little Helpers (showing things that can help you draw)
Credits:
Models:
Ian O’Brien (Wilhelmina, NYC)
Tao Fernandez Caino (I LOVE MODELS Management, Milan)
NykolaiAleksander — Painting without Lines: Forms in Light and Shadow
