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Description

EDIT: I tweaked some of the relationships after deciding to make Nala and Mheetu littermates, and thus make Mheetu Zuberi's son. I just couldn't see Sarafina being with anyone but Zuberi, so it had to happen for the timeline I created to work. I also added Zamoyoni (just called by his nickname, Oni, because the full name was too long and hard to read as part of the tree) who was left out of the original version.

This was just supposed to be some quick thing I threw together to explain the family tree of my TLK fan characters, but it ended up turning into a bit of a project. Keep in mind that this is all based on my own theories and headcanons, and I am in no way claiming that this is official. Also, please refrain from commenting with contradicting theories and comparisons, as that just kind of irks me. Sorry, the TLK fandom gets a little intense, so I always want to make sure I've got some kind of disclaimer up.

= Canon Character. A character that appeared in The Lion King, The Lion King 2, or The Lion Guard. Even if it’s just a random background character that I tacked a name and backstory onto, it still counts.

= Semi-Canon Character. A character that appeared in a book or comic spinoff, or was cut during the films’ early production.

= Fan Character: A character that I created from the ground up, not based on any character that appeared in the films, show, books, comics, or early production.

NOTE: To save on space, I won’t be going into great grandchildren, great grandparents, great nephews, great uncles, second cousins, etc.

Serwa

Status: Deceased

Mate: Mohatu

Cub: Uru

Grandcubs: Mufasa and Scar

History: Betrothed to Mohatu at a young age, Serwa saw little appeal in the strict and restrictive life of a royal. Only when she had Uru did she finally choose to flee, feeling even more trapped by the responsibilities of being a parent. Mohatu was then left to raise their daughter alone.

Mohatu

Status: Deceased

Half-Sibling: Ajamu

Mate: Serwa (formerly)

Cub: Uru

Grandcubs: Mufasa and Scar

History: Mohatu experienced much tragedy in his life, from his parents’ sudden death during the drought, to being forced to exile his own brother, and being left as a single father of a newborn after being abandoned by his mate. Through it all Mohatu remained fair, caring, and kind. He was a respected king, a doting father, and he lived just long enough to see his grandchildren be born into the world before passing away due to illness.

Ajamu

Other Name: The Selfish Lion

Status: Deceased

Half-Sibling: Mohatu

Mates: Jioni, Mashika, Ebele, Lesedi, and the various other lionesses in his pride.

Cubs: Zira, Chuki, Kehinde, and the other outlander lionesses.

Grandcubs: Nuka and Afua.

Ahadi

Status: Deceased

Mate: Uru

Cubs: Mufasa and Taka/Scar

Grandcubs: Simba and Nuka

History: A lion from the Old Lands, as a cub Ahadi was nearly killed by an invading rogue who challenged and killed his father. He was saved by his mother, who snuck him away from the pride and told him to get as far away as he could. He went in search of the mythical Pride Lands, a place where the Old Laws no longer applied, and a cub would not have to live in fear of roving males. There he was found by Mohatu, who took him in, hoping he might be good company for his daughter. Mohatu later realized that the half-starved cub he had rescued was in reality one of the strongest, most honorable lions he had ever come across. His upbringing had made him intensely appreciative of the Pride Lands and the Circle of Life, and he defended both with unmatched ferocity. Mohatu then decided that, since Uru had no younger siblings to inherit the position, Ahadi would be trained to become the new leader of the Lion Guard. The current Lion Guard had lost their fiercest member when Ajamu was exiled, but they were confident that they could train Ahadi to be a better, kinder leader than Ajamu had been. Ahadi took to the job well, and Mohatu knew that one day he and Uru could work in harmony as the Queen and leader of the Lion Guard. As the two of them grew into adults, it became abundantly clear that they had fallen for each other. This prompted Mohatu to make an unprecedented decision to ensure his daughter's happiness. He broke off Uru's betrothal to another male, and gave his blessing for her to marry Ahadi instead. The two of them make a fierce and dedicated team, and together they had two sons, one destined to be king and the other leader of the Lion Guard.

Uru

Status: Deceased

Mother: Serwa

Father: Mohatu

Mate: Ahadi

Cubs: Mufasa and Taka/Scar

Grandcubs: Simba and Nuka

History: An intelligent lioness with a claw-sharp wit, Uru ruled with all the fairness and compassion of her father, combined with exceptional bravery, cleverness, and an intense desire for justice.

Kabili

Status: Alive

Mate: Naanda

Cubs: Mtoto and Mega

Grandcubs: Boga and Babu

Naanda

Status: Alive

Siblings: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Mate: Kabili

Cubs: Mtoto and Mega

Grandcubs: Boga and Babu

Nephew: Simba

History: As the eldest out of four sisters, Naanda was the heir of another pride, and the only one that stayed behind after Sarabi was sent to live at Priderock.

Diku and Dwala

Status: Alive

Siblings: Naanda and Sarabi

Nephews: Simba, Mtoto, and Mega

History: Diku and Dwala are identical twins who came to Priderock as adolescents to watch over their little sister, Sarabi.

Sarabi

Status: Deceased

Siblings: Naanda, Diku, and Dwala.

Mate: Mufasa

Cub: Simba

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion.

Nephews: Mtoto and Mega

History: The youngest of four sisters, Sarabi was betrothed to Mufasa at a young age and sent to live with him at Priderock as a cub.

Mufasa

Status: Deceased

Mother: Uru

Father: Ahadi

Sibling: Scar

Mate: Sarabi

Cub: Simba

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Nephew: Nuka

Scar

Other Name: Taka (birth name)

Status: Deceased

Mother: Uru

Father: Ahadi

Sibling: Mufasa

Mate: None, but he had a few wild nights with Zira.

Cub: Nuka

Nephew: Simba

Zuberi, Jabari, Maithi, and Kamau

Info Here:

Sarafina

Status: Alive

Mate: Zuberi

Cubs: Nala and Mheetu

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, Kion, Tiifu, and Zuri.

Jioni

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously)

Cubs: Chuki and Kehinde

Grandcub: Afua

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, she was the last to have a litter of cubs before Ajamu was killed and the lionesses brought to freedom in the Pride Lands.

Lesedi

Status: Deceased

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Jabari

Cubs: Zira, Zamoyoni, Tama, and Malka.

Grandcubs: Nuka, Vitani, Kovu, and Afua.

Mashika

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Maitho

Cubs: Chumvi and Kula

Grandcubs: Kovu, Tiifu, and Zuri.

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, Mashika came to the Pridelands after his death and settled down with Maitho, one her rescuers.

Ebele

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Kamau

Cub: Tojo

Grandcub: Vitani

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, Ebele came to the Pridelands after his death and settled down with Kamau, one her rescuers.

Mtoto

Status: Alive

Mother: Naanda

Father: Kabili

Sibling: Mega

Aunts: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Nephew: Boga

Niece: Babu

Cousin: Simba

Mega

Status: Alive

Mother: Naanda

Father: Kabili

Sibling: Mega

Mate: Sabini

Cubs: Boga and Babu

Grandcubs: Zahra and Haben

Aunts: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Cousin: Simba

Sabini

Status: Alive

Mate: Mega

Cubs: Boga and Babu

Grandcubs: Zahra and Haben

Simba

Status: Alive

Mother: Sarabi

Father: Mufasa

Mate: Nala

Cubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Grandcubs: Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Grandmother (paternal): Uru

Grandfather (paternal): Ahadi

Aunts (maternal): Naanda, Diku, and Dwala

Uncle (paternal): Scar

Cousins: Mtoto, Mega, and Nuka

Nala

Status: Deceased (in my fan story)

Mother: Sarafina

Father: Zuberi

Sibling: Mheetu

Mate: Simba

Cubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Grandcubs: Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Nieces: Tiifu and Zuri

Mheetu, Malka, Tama, Kula, Chumvi, and Tojo

Info Here:

Zira

Status: Deceased

Mother: Lesedi

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Zamoyoni

Half-Siblings: Pretty much all the outlander lionesses, including Chuki and Kehinde (same father). Tama and Malka (same mother).

Mate: None, but she had brief flings with Scar in the past

Cubs: Nuka (biological), Vitani (adopted), and Kovu (adopted)

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Niece: Vitani

Nephews: Kovu and Afua

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Zamoyoni (Oni)

Status: Deceased

Mother: Lesedi

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Zira

Half-Siblings: Tama and Malka

Niece: Vitani
Nephews: Nuka, Afua, and Kovu

History: Zamoyoni (usually just called Oni) was the son of Ajamu and Lesedi, and littermate of Zira. He, like all male cubs born into Ajamu’s pride, was killed by his father as a very young cub.

Chuki

Other Name: Dotty

Status: Alive

Mother: Jioni

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Kehinde

Mate: Malka (formerly)

Cub: Afua

Grandcub: Kivuli

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Kehinde

Other Name: Spotty

Status: Alive

Mother: Jioni

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Chuki

Nephew: Afua

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Babu, Boga, Zuri, Tiifu, Afua, and Vitani

Info Here:

Kopa

Status: Deceased

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kiara and Kion

Niece: Uzima

Nephews: Amani and Iniko

Uncle: Mheetu

Cousins: Tiifu and Zuri

Kiara

Status: Alive

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kopa and Kion

Mate: Kovu

Cubs: Amani (biological), Uzima (biological), and Iniko (adopted)

Uncle (maternal): Mheetu

Nephew: Iniko

Cousins (maternal): Tiifu and Zuri

Grandmother (maternal): Sarafina

Grandfather (maternal): Zuberi

Grandmother(paternal): Sarabi

Grandfather (paternal): Mufasa

Kion

Status: Alive

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kopa and Kiara

Mate: Vitani (though they were never officially together, they did have several intimate encounters and often spent time together)

Cubs: Iniko

Uncle (maternal): Mheetu

Niece: Uzima

Nephew: Amani

Cousins (maternal): Tiifu and Zuri

Grandmother (maternal): Sarafina

Grandfather (maternal): Zuberi

Grandmother(paternal): Sarabi

Nuka

Status: Deceased

Mother: Zira

Father: Scar

Siblings: Vitani (adoptive) and Kovu (adoptive)

Aunts: Tama, Chuki, Kehinde, and the rest of the outlander lionesses.

Uncle: Malka

Cousins: Afua, Vitani, and Kovu

Grandmother (maternal): Lesedi

Grandfather (maternal): Ajamu

Grandmother (paternal): Uru

Grandfather (paternal): Ahadi

Kovu

Mother: Tama

Adoptive Mother: Zira

Father: Chumvi

Half-Sibling: Vitani

Adoptive Sibling: Nuka

Mate: Kiara

Cubs: Amani (biological), Uzima (biological), and Iniko (adoptive)

Aunts: Zira (maternal) and Kula (paternal)

Uncles (maternal): Zamoyoni and Malka

Cousins: Nuka, Afua, Tiifu, and Zuri.

Grandmother (maternal): Lesedi

Grandfather (maternal): Jabari

Grandmother (paternal): Mashika

Grandfather (paternal): Maitho

Zahra, Haben, and Kivuli

Info Here:

Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Info Here:

No critique desired. Please respect that.

All art (except for the pictures of Haben, Zahra, Amani, Uzima, Iniko, and Kivuli) does not belong to me, and was taken either from the movies, show, books, comics, or concept art. This includes the background, which is from the first film. Credit goes to the original creators.

This family tree was put together by me and contains my own theories and fan characters, so please do not copy, repost, or otherwise redistribute it in any way.

Description

EDIT: I tweaked some of the relationships after deciding to make Nala and Mheetu littermates, and thus make Mheetu Zuberi's son. I just couldn't see Sarafina being with anyone but Zuberi, so it had to happen for the timeline I created to work. I also added Zamoyoni (just called by his nickname, Oni, because the full name was too long and hard to read as part of the tree) who was left out of the original version.

This was just supposed to be some quick thing I threw together to explain the family tree of my TLK fan characters, but it ended up turning into a bit of a project. Keep in mind that this is all based on my own theories and headcanons, and I am in no way claiming that this is official. Also, please refrain from commenting with contradicting theories and comparisons, as that just kind of irks me. Sorry, the TLK fandom gets a little intense, so I always want to make sure I've got some kind of disclaimer up.

= Canon Character. A character that appeared in The Lion King, The Lion King 2, or The Lion Guard. Even if it’s just a random background character that I tacked a name and backstory onto, it still counts.

= Semi-Canon Character. A character that appeared in a book or comic spinoff, or was cut during the films’ early production.

= Fan Character: A character that I created from the ground up, not based on any character that appeared in the films, show, books, comics, or early production.

NOTE: To save on space, I won’t be going into great grandchildren, great grandparents, great nephews, great uncles, second cousins, etc.

Serwa

Status: Deceased

Mate: Mohatu

Cub: Uru

Grandcubs: Mufasa and Scar

History: Betrothed to Mohatu at a young age, Serwa saw little appeal in the strict and restrictive life of a royal. Only when she had Uru did she finally choose to flee, feeling even more trapped by the responsibilities of being a parent. Mohatu was then left to raise their daughter alone.

Mohatu

Status: Deceased

Half-Sibling: Ajamu

Mate: Serwa (formerly)

Cub: Uru

Grandcubs: Mufasa and Scar

History: Mohatu experienced much tragedy in his life, from his parents’ sudden death during the drought, to being forced to exile his own brother, and being left as a single father of a newborn after being abandoned by his mate. Through it all Mohatu remained fair, caring, and kind. He was a respected king, a doting father, and he lived just long enough to see his grandchildren be born into the world before passing away due to illness.

Ajamu

Other Name: The Selfish Lion

Status: Deceased

Half-Sibling: Mohatu

Mates: Jioni, Mashika, Ebele, Lesedi, and the various other lionesses in his pride.

Cubs: Zira, Chuki, Kehinde, and the other outlander lionesses.

Grandcubs: Nuka and Afua.

Ahadi

Status: Deceased

Mate: Uru

Cubs: Mufasa and Taka/Scar

Grandcubs: Simba and Nuka

History: A lion from the Old Lands, as a cub Ahadi was nearly killed by an invading rogue who challenged and killed his father. He was saved by his mother, who snuck him away from the pride and told him to get as far away as he could. He went in search of the mythical Pride Lands, a place where the Old Laws no longer applied, and a cub would not have to live in fear of roving males. There he was found by Mohatu, who took him in, hoping he might be good company for his daughter. Mohatu later realized that the half-starved cub he had rescued was in reality one of the strongest, most honorable lions he had ever come across. His upbringing had made him intensely appreciative of the Pride Lands and the Circle of Life, and he defended both with unmatched ferocity. Mohatu then decided that, since Uru had no younger siblings to inherit the position, Ahadi would be trained to become the new leader of the Lion Guard. The current Lion Guard had lost their fiercest member when Ajamu was exiled, but they were confident that they could train Ahadi to be a better, kinder leader than Ajamu had been. Ahadi took to the job well, and Mohatu knew that one day he and Uru could work in harmony as the Queen and leader of the Lion Guard. As the two of them grew into adults, it became abundantly clear that they had fallen for each other. This prompted Mohatu to make an unprecedented decision to ensure his daughter's happiness. He broke off Uru's betrothal to another male, and gave his blessing for her to marry Ahadi instead. The two of them make a fierce and dedicated team, and together they had two sons, one destined to be king and the other leader of the Lion Guard.

Uru

Status: Deceased

Mother: Serwa

Father: Mohatu

Mate: Ahadi

Cubs: Mufasa and Taka/Scar

Grandcubs: Simba and Nuka

History: An intelligent lioness with a claw-sharp wit, Uru ruled with all the fairness and compassion of her father, combined with exceptional bravery, cleverness, and an intense desire for justice.

Kabili

Status: Alive

Mate: Naanda

Cubs: Mtoto and Mega

Grandcubs: Boga and Babu

Naanda

Status: Alive

Siblings: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Mate: Kabili

Cubs: Mtoto and Mega

Grandcubs: Boga and Babu

Nephew: Simba

History: As the eldest out of four sisters, Naanda was the heir of another pride, and the only one that stayed behind after Sarabi was sent to live at Priderock.

Diku and Dwala

Status: Alive

Siblings: Naanda and Sarabi

Nephews: Simba, Mtoto, and Mega

History: Diku and Dwala are identical twins who came to Priderock as adolescents to watch over their little sister, Sarabi.

Sarabi

Status: Deceased

Siblings: Naanda, Diku, and Dwala.

Mate: Mufasa

Cub: Simba

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion.

Nephews: Mtoto and Mega

History: The youngest of four sisters, Sarabi was betrothed to Mufasa at a young age and sent to live with him at Priderock as a cub.

Mufasa

Status: Deceased

Mother: Uru

Father: Ahadi

Sibling: Scar

Mate: Sarabi

Cub: Simba

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Nephew: Nuka

Scar

Other Name: Taka (birth name)

Status: Deceased

Mother: Uru

Father: Ahadi

Sibling: Mufasa

Mate: None, but he had a few wild nights with Zira.

Cub: Nuka

Nephew: Simba

Zuberi, Jabari, Maithi, and Kamau

Info Here:

Sarafina

Status: Alive

Mate: Zuberi

Cubs: Nala and Mheetu

Grandcubs: Kopa, Kiara, Kion, Tiifu, and Zuri.

Jioni

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously)

Cubs: Chuki and Kehinde

Grandcub: Afua

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, she was the last to have a litter of cubs before Ajamu was killed and the lionesses brought to freedom in the Pride Lands.

Lesedi

Status: Deceased

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Jabari

Cubs: Zira, Zamoyoni, Tama, and Malka.

Grandcubs: Nuka, Vitani, Kovu, and Afua.

Mashika

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Maitho

Cubs: Chumvi and Kula

Grandcubs: Kovu, Tiifu, and Zuri.

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, Mashika came to the Pridelands after his death and settled down with Maitho, one her rescuers.

Ebele

Status: Alive

Mate: Ajamu (previously) Kamau

Cub: Tojo

Grandcub: Vitani

History: One of the lionesses from Ajamu’s pride, Ebele came to the Pridelands after his death and settled down with Kamau, one her rescuers.

Mtoto

Status: Alive

Mother: Naanda

Father: Kabili

Sibling: Mega

Aunts: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Nephew: Boga

Niece: Babu

Cousin: Simba

Mega

Status: Alive

Mother: Naanda

Father: Kabili

Sibling: Mega

Mate: Sabini

Cubs: Boga and Babu

Grandcubs: Zahra and Haben

Aunts: Diku, Dwala, and Sarabi

Cousin: Simba

Sabini

Status: Alive

Mate: Mega

Cubs: Boga and Babu

Grandcubs: Zahra and Haben

Simba

Status: Alive

Mother: Sarabi

Father: Mufasa

Mate: Nala

Cubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Grandcubs: Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Grandmother (paternal): Uru

Grandfather (paternal): Ahadi

Aunts (maternal): Naanda, Diku, and Dwala

Uncle (paternal): Scar

Cousins: Mtoto, Mega, and Nuka

Nala

Status: Deceased (in my fan story)

Mother: Sarafina

Father: Zuberi

Sibling: Mheetu

Mate: Simba

Cubs: Kopa, Kiara, and Kion

Grandcubs: Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Nieces: Tiifu and Zuri

Mheetu, Malka, Tama, Kula, Chumvi, and Tojo

Info Here:

Zira

Status: Deceased

Mother: Lesedi

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Zamoyoni

Half-Siblings: Pretty much all the outlander lionesses, including Chuki and Kehinde (same father). Tama and Malka (same mother).

Mate: None, but she had brief flings with Scar in the past

Cubs: Nuka (biological), Vitani (adopted), and Kovu (adopted)

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Niece: Vitani

Nephews: Kovu and Afua

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Zamoyoni (Oni)

Status: Deceased

Mother: Lesedi

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Zira

Half-Siblings: Tama and Malka

Niece: Vitani
Nephews: Nuka, Afua, and Kovu

History: Zamoyoni (usually just called Oni) was the son of Ajamu and Lesedi, and littermate of Zira. He, like all male cubs born into Ajamu’s pride, was killed by his father as a very young cub.

Chuki

Other Name: Dotty

Status: Alive

Mother: Jioni

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Kehinde

Mate: Malka (formerly)

Cub: Afua

Grandcub: Kivuli

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Kehinde

Other Name: Spotty

Status: Alive

Mother: Jioni

Father: Ajamu

Sibling: Chuki

Nephew: Afua

Uncle (paternal): Mohatu

Cousin (paternal): Uru

Babu, Boga, Zuri, Tiifu, Afua, and Vitani

Info Here:

Kopa

Status: Deceased

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kiara and Kion

Niece: Uzima

Nephews: Amani and Iniko

Uncle: Mheetu

Cousins: Tiifu and Zuri

Kiara

Status: Alive

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kopa and Kion

Mate: Kovu

Cubs: Amani (biological), Uzima (biological), and Iniko (adopted)

Uncle (maternal): Mheetu

Nephew: Iniko

Cousins (maternal): Tiifu and Zuri

Grandmother (maternal): Sarafina

Grandfather (maternal): Zuberi

Grandmother(paternal): Sarabi

Grandfather (paternal): Mufasa

Kion

Status: Alive

Mother: Nala

Father: Simba

Siblings: Kopa and Kiara

Mate: Vitani (though they were never officially together, they did have several intimate encounters and often spent time together)

Cubs: Iniko

Uncle (maternal): Mheetu

Niece: Uzima

Nephew: Amani

Cousins (maternal): Tiifu and Zuri

Grandmother (maternal): Sarafina

Grandfather (maternal): Zuberi

Grandmother(paternal): Sarabi

Nuka

Status: Deceased

Mother: Zira

Father: Scar

Siblings: Vitani (adoptive) and Kovu (adoptive)

Aunts: Tama, Chuki, Kehinde, and the rest of the outlander lionesses.

Uncle: Malka

Cousins: Afua, Vitani, and Kovu

Grandmother (maternal): Lesedi

Grandfather (maternal): Ajamu

Grandmother (paternal): Uru

Grandfather (paternal): Ahadi

Kovu

Mother: Tama

Adoptive Mother: Zira

Father: Chumvi

Half-Sibling: Vitani

Adoptive Sibling: Nuka

Mate: Kiara

Cubs: Amani (biological), Uzima (biological), and Iniko (adoptive)

Aunts: Zira (maternal) and Kula (paternal)

Uncles (maternal): Zamoyoni and Malka

Cousins: Nuka, Afua, Tiifu, and Zuri.

Grandmother (maternal): Lesedi

Grandfather (maternal): Jabari

Grandmother (paternal): Mashika

Grandfather (paternal): Maitho

Zahra, Haben, and Kivuli

Info Here:

Amani, Uzima, and Iniko

Info Here:

No critique desired. Please respect that.

All art (except for the pictures of Haben, Zahra, Amani, Uzima, Iniko, and Kivuli) does not belong to me, and was taken either from the movies, show, books, comics, or concept art. This includes the background, which is from the first film. Credit goes to the original creators.

This family tree was put together by me and contains my own theories and fan characters, so please do not copy, repost, or otherwise redistribute it in any way.