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| Dark-Hyena
Dark-Hyena
[1175136]
[2004-10-18 17:58:33 +0000 UTC]
(Unknown)
# Statistics
Favourites: 11383; Deviations: 239; Watchers: 450
Watching: 186; Pageviews: 129962; Comments Made: 5927; Friends: 186
# Comments
Comments: 441
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I think we parted on relatively bad terms. Care to remind me what those were?
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Thank you a lot for the watch, I hope my works will make your days a bit brighter~!
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Thanks for faving again and I also hope you can watch me soon.
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Your dino toy photos are SO cool! You make them look just as real as I imagined when playing with them as a kid
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Hi there ☺ I hope I'm not catching you at a bad time, but I just found your gallery, and it's awesome ☺ I hope you don't mind if I ask, but if it's alright with you, do you by any chance take requests? I'm sorry if this is sudden.
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thanks for the 
and/or FB: www.facebook.com/mysteriousmae…
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Thank you for the 
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I was wondering if you can draw an Asiatic Lion fighting a Bengal Tiger from India, since I saw your art of a Barbary Lion fighting a Caspian Tiger. Could you do the same with the Asiatic Lion and the Bengal Tiger, please?
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Thanks for the fave! Feel free to watch MMP for more monstrous fun!
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You have some outstanding drawings. Thanks for the faves and I will be returning to check out more of your work.
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Ankallosaur happy with favorite tag. Not eat you now. Grrrraarghhh
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Hi! Thank you for the
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Hello there! As you may know, there is a theory that hyenas are one of the reasons wolves weren't apex predators during the Pleistocene Ersa in Europe. Or, as JohnFaa put it.
"Hyenas actually drove wolves off Europe during ice ages; wolves only returned well after the hyenas were gone, starved to death by the extinction of the native megafauna."
I've seen this theory a couple of times on the internet, but I could never find a good scource where its confirmed. I am writing a school project about Pleistocene megafauna, including the cave hyena, and I was wondering if you happen to know a scource (be it books or internet page) where the theory is either confirmed or denied? If you happen to know it, it would be much appreciated.
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Wolf/cave hyena competition (in Italy):
Spotted hyenas of the Italian peninsula consumed essentially the same ungulate species as Paleolithic humans did, and both of these predators depended heavily on bone marrow. Wolves tended to consume more hillside-adapted ungulates in the same area and period, suggesting some spatial separation of the three predators according to topography.
Populations of wolves and humans appear to have expanded toward the end of spotted hyenasʼ tenure on the Italian peninsula, and disappearance of the spotted hyenas from Eurasia may be best explained by rapid transformations of ecosystem structure associated with global warming after 13 KYA.
Wolvesʼ greater focus on ibex and roe deer in Italy may have lowered the probability of competitive interference with hyenas and Middle Paleolithic humans. It is interesting that the wolves and spotted hyenas seem to display negative abundance relations over time, with wolf populations expanding in the region as hyenas disappeared.
Oddly spotted hyenas disappeared from Europe, along with the cave bear, between 20-10 KYA (hyenas closer to 13-11 KYA, STUART, 1991). Though spotted hyenas are versatile animals in many aspects, some properties of the species appear less flexible, such as its affinity to open habitats and low altitudes (VERESHCHAGIN & BARYSHNIKOV, 1984). Spotted hyenasʼ heavy dependence on cervids on the Italian peninsula underscores the lack of modern analogs for the animal communities that dominated Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Yet other aspects of spotted hyena behavior are common to virtually all Pleistocene and modern variants, independent of regional differences in habitat and prey availability, and these properties may explain the hyenaʼs eventual disappearance from Europe and Asia. With the decline of grasslands after 12.5 KYA (e.g., MADEYSKA, 1999), Europe may have experienced catastrophic loss of the kinds of habitats most suited to spotted hyenas, and a corresponding increase in mixed woodlands. Under these circumstances, spotted hyenas would have been inferior competitors to wolves, the latter being as much at home in forests as in open lands, and in highlands as in lowlands.
www.u.arizona.edu/~mstiner/pdf…
Wolves remains in cave hyena dens:
In addition to the three dominant ungulates, a few species represent between two to just under one percent of the assemblage each. In the case of wolves, young adults are largely dominant, and the only other age-group represented is that of the mature adults. Their presence should probably be explained as being the result of aggression by cave hyenas to competing carnivores. We must assume that wolves were probably hunted on encounter. - A view to a kill: Investigating Middle Palaeolithic Subsistence Using an Optimal Foraging Perspective. (2009)
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Thanks! I'll be sure to use this is in my project.
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Will do! The project is for my finals, and my subject is how the Pleistocene megafauna of Europe went exstinct. One of the chapters covers the ecoystem of Pleistocene Europe, and there are several sub-chapters covering herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, the latter including humans as well. I thought it was worth mentioning that wolves were restricted to the forests because they otherwise had to compete with the larger predators of the plains (such as the cave hyena and cave lion. I couldn't find anything on what the relationship between wolves and the forest-dwelling big cats such as the European leopard and jaguar were though. Its a shame how some animals such as the European jaguar, forest rhinoceros and European dhole barely seem to get any attention.) and what eventually gave wolves and other forest-dwellers the edge went the plains started to dissapear and the forests took over.
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