Description
Edit: It appears Luzia#2 was actually Lapa do Santo, so the file has been amended. Thanks @ linalco for the correction.
Brazil's Luzia Woman. She's a national icon, a girl who wandered the country when South America was still full of Smilodons, Toxodons and Giant Glyptodonts, and the story around her is really weird.
Luzia's 11,500-year-old skeleton was discovered in 1974 by archaeologist Annette Laming-Emperaire. Her nickname "Luzia" was chosen in homage to the Australopithecus fossil Lucy.
Luzia's bones were housed at the National Museum of Brazil. Disastrously, a fire that destroyed the museum on September 2, 2018 destroyed her skeleton. Fortunately, most of Luzia's remains were identified from the Museu Nacional debris, which allowed them to rebuild a bit of her skeleton.
Based on an initial phenotype analysis of her skull, it was believed that she had a partial Australo-Melanesian origin. Many argued that it was just cranio-facial variability could just be due to genetic drift and other factors affecting cranio-facial plasticity in Native Americans. And many pointed out that the modern Aimoré people of the same region looked just like her, but this was ignored.
I think the artist really did everyone a disservice by giving her Aboriginal Australian soft tissue features that just weren't warranted by the skull itself, just to enhance a theory.
By 2018 however, DNA and further phenotypic analysis clearly showed that she was made of the same stuff as other Native Americans.
Comparison to the original reconstruction in the comments.